Whither CRM?—30 Years on: A Narrative Review and Position Paper on the Future of Aviation CRM Training

This review study examines how Crew Resource Management (CRM) has evolved since its introduction in the late 1970s and asks what the next generation of CRM training should look like. By questioning whether current CRM models are keeping pace with technological and operational change, the article contributes to an ongoing discussion about how pilots should be trained to manage uncertainty, complexity, and human-machine interaction in the next era of aviation.

The Cognitive Limits of CBTA

This article by Cedric Paillard on aviationtraining.ai explores one of the challenges of modern aviation training. While Competency-Based Training and Assessment (CBTA) improves how pilot performance is measured, does it fall short in addressing the deeper cognitive processes behind decision-making, adaptability, and resilience under pressure?

Sweller’s Cognitive Load Theory

The short paper linked here provides an overview of Sweller’s Cognitive Load Theory, which is widely used in instructional design. It is particularly useful for designing instruction that optimizes cognitive load for learners with different levels of expertise.

For CRM developers, the theory offers concrete guidance on how to avoid unnecessary cognitive load.

CRM Training for Experienced Crews

We discuss how CRM training for experienced crews must move beyond reinforcing familiar concepts and instead focus on recalibrating judgement and behaviour in realistic operational contexts. Grounded in adult learning principles, effective training leverages experience, reflection, and authentic challenge to influence how non-technical skills are applied in line operations.

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